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Apr
15
2010
Scientists train endangered carnivores to avoid poisonous toads
Order diazepam, Invasive cane toads in Australia have been killing off endangered marsupials called northern quolls, who can’t seem to help snacking on this toxic species. Acheter diazepam discount, So researchers have stepped in by teaching the quolls to associate the toads with sickness.
The team spiked dead cane toads with a chemical called thiabendazole and fed them to a group of northern quolls (Dasyurus hallucatus). Because the toads were small, osta alennus diazepam, Diazepam online cheap, the quolls survived the meal – but the chemical gave them a case of post-dinner nausea. These “toad-smart” animals were then released into the wild, order diazepam no prescription, Diazepam online kopen, along with “toad-naive” quolls that had not been given the thiabendazole treatment.
Five of the 17 toad-naive male quolls attacked cane toads and died, while only two out of 14 toad-smart males did the same, buy diazepam cheap, Order diazepam online legally, the team reports in the Journal of Applied Ecology. With the toad-smart training, diazepam online stores, West Virginia WV W.Va. , the daily survival rate increased from 58 to 88 percent in male quolls and from 84 to 94 percent in females.
The researchers envision that thiabendazole-tainted toad bait could be air-dropped into quoll territory to teach these marsupials a valuable survival lesson. And the technique could be applied to other endangered animals that are threatened by invasive species, they say, order diazepam. – Roberta Kwok
Source: O’Donnell, diazepam online, Georgia GA Ga. , S., Webb, ordering diazepam online cheap, Order diazepam, J.K., & R, where to buy cheap diazepam. Diazepam en ligne afin, Shine. 2010. Conditioned taste aversion enhances the survival of an endangered predator imperilled by a toxic invader. Journal of Applied Ecology DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01802.x.
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Nov
30
2009
Biologists use auditory cues to gauge bird population size
Cheapest viagra prices, By recording and analyzing the chatter of birds in a forest, a research team has devised a new way to calculate avian population density – and the method could be extended to other vocal animals such as whales.
The researchers used a four-microphone array to record the sound of male ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) at 75 different spots in a Maryland forest. Team members then picked out the singing of individual birds from each recording, free viagra. Viagra online santa fe capital, With further modelling and analysis, they determined that the density of singing male ovenbirds was about 0.19 birds per hectare.
The estimate roughly agrees with the population density range predicted by capturing and banding the birds, halvalla viagra apteekki, Bio-viagra pfizer mexico, the authors report in the Journal of Applied Ecology. The acoustic method has some advantages over trapping, viagra fast shipping, Kjøpe viagra online, they say, because it is more precise, buy valium and viagra online, Viagra shop in riyad, takes less fieldwork, and doesn’t disturb the birds as much, can i get viagra by regular mail to canada. Viagra free trial sample, And the technique could be used to monitor other elusive – but talkative – species. – Roberta Kwok
Source: Dawson, free trial viagra in canada, Viagra email updates, D., & Efford, viagra, Viagra st john's NL, M. (2009), is it legal to take viagra with you to thailand. Bird population density estimated from acoustic signals Journal of Applied Ecology DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01731.x
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Aug
26
2009
Hunting is threatening bats in Malaysia
Ordering viagra no rx, Bats can’t seem to catch a break. Garbage natural viagra, Some are fighting off white-nose syndrome, while others dodge the deadly blades of wind turbines, viagra prices miami. What's the difference between viagra and viagra professional, Now, researchers report that one species – the Malayan flying fox – is in danger of local extinction from over-hunting.
Malayan flying foxes can be legally hunted for sport on Peninsular Malaysia, can you ship viagra from canada to usa. Viagra from canada, As eaters of cultivated fruit, they are also considered agricultural pests that can be “culled” to protect orchards, safely buy viagra discount. Buy brand viagra without prescription, And some people believe their meat can treat respiratory illness, making the bats a target of hunting for medicine.
Researchers studied hunting license sales in Peninsular Malaysia between 2002 and 2005 and estimated that at least 87, sikkert kjøp viagra, Viagra bloomington In, 800 bats had been killed during that time. According to one model, that hunting rate could drive the population locally extinct in six to 81 years, the authors write in the Journal of Applied Ecology, ordering viagra no rx. The number of bat deaths is likely to be even higher, the cost of viagra, Viagra online fast shipping, they speculate, since it does not include illegal kills or culling for agriculture.
Satellite-based tracking revealed that Malayan flying foxes frequently cross borders into Indonesia and Thailand, viagra butikker. Someday non prescription viagra, The bats need to be protected across their entire range, just like other migratory animals such as birds and marine mammals, buy viagra in macau, Viagra tablet size, the researchers say. They recommend that Peninsular Malaysia ban hunting of flying foxes temporarily so that the population can begin recovery. – Roberta Kwok
Source: Epstein, J.H. et al. 2009. Pteropus vampyrus, a hunted migratory species with a multinational home-range and a need for regional management. Journal of Applied Ecology DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01699.x
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Mar
3
2008
Want to know if your capercaillies are stressed? Check the steroids in their droppings, say a group of ecologists led by Dominik Thiel at the Swiss Ornithological Institute, Switzerland. Their report, published recently in the Journal of Applied Ecology, shows that ski resorts, and in particular the number of people they attract, are unsettling the birds. Corticosterone metabolites – the breakdown products of stress hormones – were found to be present in significantly greater levels in areas under moderate or high pressure from recreational skiers. With many capercaillie Tetrao urogallus populations in steeper decline than the ski slopes that cut through their habitat, managers need to ensure there are disturbance-free refuges if they’re to avoid the you-know-what from hitting the fan. Source: Thiel D, Jenni-Eiermann S, Braunisch V, Palme R & Jenni L (2008) Ski tourism affects habitat use and evokes a physiological stress response in capercaillie Tetrao urogallus: a new methodological approach. Journal of Applied Ecology DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01465.x
Image © Richard Bartz
Filed Under Community-based conservation, Economics and conservation, Endangered species, Habitat, Socio-political issues, Tools and technology | 1 Comment
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Jan
23
2008
Knowing when to end a campaign to remove an invasive alien species has always been something of a black art. Until now, according to the authors of a paper published recently in the Journal of Applied Ecology. Andrew Solow, senior scientist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, collaborated with a US/UK team of researchers to develop a statistical method for striking the balance between not finishing the job and continuing unnecessarily. The resulting Bayesian model makes use of existing trap data to estimate the time that must elapse, without trapping any further individuals, before a campaign can be declared successful. Solow’s group demonstrate the value of their findings by analyzing trap data from an attempt to remove the Asian musk shrew Suncus murinus from the Mauritian island of Ile aux Aigrettes, which was wound down too early and subsequently failed. The model helpfully declared that the eradication program was indeed wound down too early and subsequently failed. Future campaigns might seek to avoid the same fate by subjecting their trap data to analysis before decisions to scale back are made. Source: Solow A, Seymour A, Beet A & Harris S (2008) The untamed shrew: on the termination of an eradication programme for an introduced species. Journal of Applied Ecology DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01446.x
Related story in Conservation magazine: Aliens Among Us
Image © Sergey Lavrentev
Filed Under Economics and conservation, Invasive species, Monitoring, Restoration, Tools and technology | Leave a Comment
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Oct
30
2007
Visitation rates are crucial to understanding complex conservation issues, such as predator attacks on livestock. Such information can be all but impossible to directly observe, so researchers often resort to grubbier methods: rather than filming filming bears attacking sheep they instead find themselves rummaging around in the undergrowth for evidence – you know, the usual kind – of activity. Bernd Gruber, an ecologist at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, and colleagues have devised a more accurate way of using this, er, evidence. Traditional methods rely on simple counts of scats or other sign near to the area of interest, but Gruber’s team present a maximum likelihood statistical approach to glean additional detail. They field-tested their new technique by collecting fresh and not-so-fresh otter Lutra lutra spraints near a pond in Germany, where the pesky mustelids had been wreaking havoc on the fish population. Their findings, published in the Journal of Applied Ecology, gave a more accurate picture of how many visits otters were making. If you feel like giving the new method a go, download the computer spreadsheet from Gruber’s webpage, pull on your rubber gloves, and head for the countryside. Source: Gruber B, Reineking B, Calabrese JM, Kranz A, Poledníková K, Poledník L, Klenke R, Valentin A & Henle K (2007) A new method for estimating visitation rates of cryptic animals via repeated surveys of indirect signs. Journal of Applied Ecology DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01406.x
Image © Darren Hunt
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Jul
31
2007
When you’ve got a self-sustaining, minimally managed population, your reintroduction project has been a success. Sadly, most fail, yet we haven’t learned much from our mistakes. What we need, according to a study published recently in the Journal of Applied Ecology, is a methodology based on evidence and not belief. To illustrate what they mean, the University of KwaZulu-Natal’s Markus Gusset, the University of California, Berkeley’s Sadie Ryan and a pack of colleagues analysed the intensive efforts to restore populations of wild dogs Lycaon pictus to an increasingly fragmented South African landscape. Looking at a wide range of factors that might affect the survival of introduced dogs and their ability to produce pups, the researchers found just two of major importance. The length of time dogs spend social bonding in a boma -- their cohesiveness is crucial to survival -- and the boundary security of the area into which they are released should be foremost among management decisions. Minimal management might be some way off, but in the meantime at least we can concentrate on what’s important. Source: Gusset M, Ryan SJ, Hofmeyr M, Van Dyk G, Davies-Mostert HT, Graf JA, Owen C, Szykman M, Macdonald DW, Monfort SL, Wildt DE, Maddock AH, Mills MGL, Slotow R & Somers MJ (2007) Efforts going to the dogs? Evaluating attempts to re-introduce endangered wild dogs in South Africa. Journal of Applied Ecology DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01357.x
Related story in Conservation magazine: Where the Wild Things Were
Image © Peter Malsbury
Filed Under Community-based conservation, Economics and conservation, Endangered species, Monitoring, Restoration, Socio-political issues | 1 Comment
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Jul
12
2007
The destruction of pristine forests has a radical effect on biodiversity, according to a study published recently in the Journal of Applied Ecology. Using Nymphalid fruit-feeding butterflies as indicators of more general species diversity and abundance, a group of researchers led by University of East Anglia ecologist Jos Barlow carried out a carefully controlled sampling survey in the Brazilian Amazon. Primary forests have significantly more species richness -- and therefore greater conservation value -- than either eucalyptus plantations or secondary forest, say Barlow and colleagues. No surprise there, perhaps, but they also underline the need to focus on species that can only survive in the presence of old growth forest: the study provides hard evidence contradicting claims that secondary forest can step in to fill the void. Once more, if we’re serious about conserving our natural heritage, we’ve got to leave the trees alone. Source: Barlow J, Overal WL, Araujo IS, Gardner T & Peres C (2007) The value of primary, secondary and plantation forests for fruit-feeding butterflies in the Brazilian Amazon. Journal of Applied Ecology DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.01347.x
Related stories in Conservation magazine: Brazilian Cocoa Farms Not Sustainable After All | Corridors May Not Help Birds in Forest Fragments
Image © Joe Hum
Filed Under Community-based conservation, Economics and conservation, Endangered species, Habitat, Monitoring, Restoration, Socio-political issues | Leave a Comment
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Jun
25
2007
Agri-environment schemes are commonly supposed to promote biodiversity, but a recently published study claims they don’t deliver. Writing in the Journal of Applied Ecology, Queen’s University Belfast biologist Neil Reid and colleagues present evidence that the Environmentally Sensitive Area scheme in Northern Ireland has resulted in greater numbers of commonplace rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus and foxes Vulpes vulpes, but has done little for the much rarer Irish hares Lepus timidus. That’s exactly what shouldn’t happen: rabbits graze endangered plants and foxes have a taste for threatened ground-nesting birds. In the period between 1999 and 2003, some 24 billion Euros have been plowed into Europe’s agri-environment schemes. Maybe it’s time to think again... Source: Reid N, McDonald RA & Montgomery I (2007) Mammals and agri-environment schemes: hare haven or pest paradise? Journal of Applied Ecology DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01336.x
Related story in Conservation magazine: Agriculture versus Biodiversity
Image © Markus Divis
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Apr
12
2007
Key to successful forest restoration lies in keeping the unwanted trees for long enough
A softly, softly, catchy monkey approach could be the best way to restore forests, say the authors of a study published in the Journal of Applied Ecology. Katherine Kirkman and colleagues at the J. W. Jones Ecological Research Center, Georgia, carried out experiments to convert slash pine Pinus elliottii plantations to stands of the more biologically diverse longleaf pine Pinus palustris. Gradual replacement, initially leaving a canopy of slash pines in place, gave rise to a multi-aged longleaf pine forest with the desired below-canopy features. Keeping the mature, though unwanted, slash pines also provided a ready source of pine needles – fuel for the wildfires on which longleaf pines so depend. Just goes to show that the best things come to those who wait.
Source: Kirkman LK, Mitchell RJ, Kaeser MJ, Pecot SD & Coffey KL (2007) The perpetual forest: using undesirable species to bridge restoration. Journal of Applied Ecology DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01310.x
Image © Sharon Day
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Earlier Spring, bigger fires
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