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Nov
2
2009
Amphibians may not be ‘canaries in a coal mine’ after all
Comprar en línea viagra, Scientists are challenging the widespread idea that amphibians are ‘canaries in a coal mine’, a label based on the assumption that amphibians are more sensitive to environmental contamination than other species.
Amphibians have been thought to provide early warning signs of environmental damage because they have permeable skin, diverse diets, and habitats that span both land and water. But some have argued that amphibians’ supposed sensitivity is not backed up by scientific evidence.
A research team studied more than 23, viagra dealer, Mexican viagra, 000 toxicity tests from a US Environmental Protection Agency database, covering 1, köpa rabatterade viagra, Cheap weekend viagra, 075 species and 73 chemicals. While amphibians were strongly affected by one category of compounds called phenols, true viagra stories, Genric viagra, they showed only low or moderate susceptibility to pesticides, heavy metals, viagra off the net, Buying viagra in cork, and inorganic contaminants when compared to other species.
Some compounds may threaten specific amphibians, the team notes, cheapest generic viagra prices. Make your own herbal viagra, But on the whole, amphibians are “not particularly sensitive and might more aptly be described as ‘miners in a coal mine’, womens viagra, Viagra i thailand, ” the researchers write in Ecology Letters. They say the recent devastation of the world’s amphibians could mean that more vulnerable species are in greater danger than we thought, buy viagra x. Where can i buy viagra safely, – Roberta Kwok
Source: Kerby, J., Pennsylvania PA Penn., Richards-Hrdlicka, K., Storfer, A., & Skelly, D. (2009). An examination of amphibian sensitivity to environmental contaminants: are amphibians poor canaries. Ecology Letters DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01399.x
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Aug
20
2009
Social network of Tasmanian devils reveals close connections
Order viagra online, It’s not exactly Facebook. Stealing viagra, But scientists have reconstructed a social network of Tasmanian devils, a species that has been ravaged by infectious cancer, viagra websites for sale. Buying viagra prague, The devils studied were all part of a single network, suggesting that disease could spread through the population from just one infected animal, viagra boys in porn, Viagra india price, the team reports in Ecology Letters.
Tasmanian devils are in danger of extinction from devil facial tumour disease, a cancer that is likely transmitted through biting, viagra feature. Zeus viagra, Determining exactly how the animals interact could improve control efforts, but few studies of wildlife disease have managed to reproduce social networks.
The team outfitted wild devils in Tasmania with radio collars that could detect when two animals came close to each other, "United Healthcare" "viagra". Low cost viagra, Based on data from 27 devils, they found that each animal was connected directly or indirectly to every other animal, is viagra illegal in thailand, No prescription viagra, even though devils are generally thought to be solitary. More male-female contact occurred during mating season, while females interacted more frequently with females during non-mating periods.
The team was unable to find one sex or age group that had more connections than others, order viagra online. That information might have allowed control programs to stanch the spread of disease by targeting the most connected class. Since the cancer is relatively rare in devils less than two years old, where 2 get viagra, Airtran viagra online, older animals may simply need to be removed from the population, they say, sample pack of viagra. How long does viagra last, – Roberta Kwok
Source: Hamede, R.K. et al. 2009. Contact networks in a wild Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) population: using social network analysis to reveal seasonal variability in social behaviour and its implications for transmission of devil facial tumour disease. Ecology Letters DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01370.x
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Aug
13
2009
αγοράζουν online viagra, Some treelines are advancing, while others stay put
Researchers have conducted a global analysis to find out whether climate change is triggering the advance of treelines. Viagra lowest price, The answer. Sometimes.
Treelines are predicted to reach higher altitudes and latitudes as the Earth warms, viagra sale media place biz special, Lates price viagra, but some research suggests this isn’t always the case. To see the big picture, viagra without prescription norway, Indian generic viagra, researchers analyzed studies of 166 treeline sites around the world with data since 1900. Treelines had advanced at 87 of the sites over the past century, viagra cream, Can i buy viagra without prescription in london, they report in Ecology Letters, while 77 had stayed still and two had receded.
Surprisingly, Illinois IL Ill., Buying viagra in chengdu, the team found no link between advancing treelines and rising summer temperatures, which are thought to control treeline position at high altitudes and latitudes, make your own viagra that works. Instead, sites with warming winters were more likely to show advances, αγοράζουν online viagra. Viagra online without prescription india, The results suggest that certain types of treelines may be more limited by the harsh conditions of winter than by growing-season temperature, the authors say, location get viagra in albruqerque. Billige viagra Apotheke, – Roberta Kwok
Source: Harsch, M.A, female viagra pills. Pay for viagra by sms, et al. 2009. Are treelines advancing. A global meta-analysis of treeline response to climate warming. Ecology Letters DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01355.x
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Mar
28
2008
Given they’re named after a tiny part of a tiny island, Scots pines Pinus sylvestris enjoy a remarkably wide distribution: they’re the dominant Eurasian tree species. And that allowed University of Minnesota researcher Peter Reich and co-author Jacek Oleksyn to ask a difficult question – how will this widespread species handle climate change? – with a chance of finding an answer. Using long-term data collected from across Europe and North America, they discovered a distinct pattern. A rise in mean annual temperature of 1—4 degrees C enhances survival in northern Europe (at latitudes greater than 62 degrees north, where the mean annual temperature is a bracing two degrees or less). In the somewhat balmier south, the same effective rise will decrease survival. The interpretation on offer – published in Ecology Letters – is that warming reduces cold stress in the north but increases heat stress in the south. So perhaps it’s time to restore the Caledonian forest to its ancient glory. Source: Reich PB & Oleksyn J (2008) Climate warming will reduce growth and survival of Scots pine except in the far north. Ecology Letters DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01172.x
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Mar
1
2008
Big old marine reserves are best, according to Joachim Claudet and colleagues in their recent Ecology Letters paper. Using original data spanning 33 years of European marine conservation effort, the University of Perpignan researcher’s team found that the reasons why some reserves enhance fish density and biodiversity, but others don’t, largely rests on two simple factors: how large the protected areas is and how long it’s been protected for. Conversely, the study suggested that a large buffer zone, where limited fishing is allowed, reduces the effectiveness of the reserve it surrounds. Much of the artisanal fishing goes on in the buffer zone, and their presence is linked to a complex set of social, ecological and economic influences. One way to hang onto them would be to increase the size of the protected area: a win-win situation perhaps? Source: Claudet J, Osenberg CW, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Domenici P, García-Charton J-A, Pérez-Ruzafa A, Badalamenti F, Bayle-Sempere J, Brito A, Bulleri F, Culioli J-M, Dimech M, Falcón JM, Guala I, Milazzo M, Sánchez-Meca J, Somerfield PJ, Stobart B, Vandeperre F, Valle C & Planes S (2008) Marine reserves: size and age do matter. Ecology Letters DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01166.x
Image © Christina Deridder
Filed Under Community-based conservation, Economics and conservation, Endangered species, Marine, Restoration, Socio-political issues | Leave a Comment
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Nov
22
2007
Measuring biodiversity falls into the really-important-but-incredibly-difficult-to-do category of chores, so when someone comes up with a scheme to make it more cost-effective (i.e. easier) they deserve to be heard. A lengthy list of international conservation biologists, fronted by the University of East Anglia’s Toby Gardner, has done just that, and just they’ve published their findings in Ecology Letters. After sampling a wide range of taxa at sites across 500 000 hectares of Brazilian Amazonia, birds and dung beetles shook out as being particularly good – and cheap – indicators of general biodiversity. However, focusing on these groups is a double-edged sword: on the one hand the money goes further, but on the other we remain ignorant of those poorly understood, expensive to study species. Source: Gardner TA, Barlow J, Araujo IS, Ávila-Pires TC, Bonaldo AB, Costa JE, Esposito MC, Ferreira LV, Hawes J, Hernandez MIM, Hoogmoed MS, Leite RN, Lo-Man-Hung NF, Malcolm JR, Martins MB, Mestre LAM, Miranda-Santos R, Overal WL, Parry L, Peters SL, Ribeiro-Junior MA, da Silva MNF, da Silva Motta & Peres CA (2007) The cost-effectiveness of biodiversity surveys in tropical forests. Ecology Letters DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01133x
Related stories in Conservation magazine: Democratizing Taxonomy
Image © Scott Griessel
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Aug
2
2007
The bigness and rarity of big rare mammals are major factors in their vulnerability to extinction. According to a study published recently in Ecology Letters, one of the reasons is that they take a long time to recover from what we euphemistically call “disturbances”, such as being hunted to within a hair’s breadth of oblivion. However, the process is not well understood, so University of Reading population ecologist Richard Sibly and colleagues analyzed a wide range of mammals, birds, fish and insects, looking for underlying patterns in their “return rates” – how quickly they reach their carrying capacity once the source of the disturbance is removed. The good news is that in only one of 634 populations studied, the cabbage white butterfly Pieris rapae, was the return rate such that it led to chaotic fluctuations in numbers. For the rest, the return is stable, even if it takes longer for some than others. Chaos, it seems, is rarer than a herd of rhinos. Source: Sibly RM, Barker D, Hone J & Pagel M (2007) On the stability of populations of mammals, birds, fish and insects. Ecology Letters DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01092.x
Related story in Conservation magazine: Point of No Return
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May
2
2007
Island life is good for lizards, according to a study published recently in Ecology Letters. The Santa Fe Institute’s Lauren Buckley and UC San Diego’s Walter Jetz collected and analyzed data from previous studies, assembling information on 643 lizard populations from around the world. Freed from the twin stressors of predation and competition lizards pack themselves in, with average population densities more than ten times higher than on the mainland. It’s not all good though: relaxing the selection pressures felt on the mainland could be one of the factors that makes island populations so vulnerable to introduced predators. Source: Buckley LB & Jetz W (2007) Insularity and the determinants of lizard population density. Ecology Letters DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01042.x
Image © Alex Bramwell
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Apr
10
2007
Forests in Panama and Malaysia aren’t responding to climate change like they should, perhaps
Tropical trees aren’t growing as fast as they were two decades ago, according to a study published recently in Ecology Letters. Harvard University tree scientist Ken Feeley and colleagues studied data from the oldest plots in the global network established by the Center for Tropical Forest Science. The two fifty hectare plots, located at Barro Colorado Island, Panama and Pasoh, Malaysia, contain hundreds of species of trees, and scientists monitor the growth of every individual plant on a five-yearly basis. The observed slow-down and its potential link to climate change should worry theoreticians, as the oh-so-convenient positive feedback mechanism – more atmospheric CO2 = faster tree growth = more locked up carbon = lower atmospheric CO2 – might not be as universally true, or as simple, as we hoped. Surprising things, trees.
Source: Feeley KJ, Wright SJ, Supardi MNN, Kassim A & Davies SJ (2007) Decelerating growth in tropical forest trees. Ecology Letters DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01033.x
Image © Nancy Nehring
Related stories in Conservation magazine:
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