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May
12
2010
'Vulture restaurants' may be excluding smaller scavengers
Buy propecia without prescription, Griffon vultures are sometimes monopolizing the carcasses at ‘vulture restaurants’, the collections of dead livestock left by humans at specific sites. För propecia online, As a result, other scavenger birds may be deprived of their meals.
In the past, order propecia online, Köpa propecia, farmers often left livestock carcasses out in the field. But health scares in Europe have prompted more stringent regulations about the disposal of dead animals, Arizona AZ Ariz. . Oregon OR Ore. , Since scavengers rely on these carcasses for food, countries in the Mediterranean now maintain a limited number of so-called vulture restaurants where the animal remains can be left for consumption.
To find out if various scavenger species were getting their fair share, propecia discount, Order propecia without prescription, researchers studied 17 vulture restaurants in Spain during one summer and one winter. Smaller birds such as red kites and ravens were rarely observed when more than 200 griffon vultures congregated at these spots, discount propecia, αγοράσετε propecia, the team reports in Biological Conservation. As the number of griffon vultures went up, the diversity of other scavenger species seen went down.
Red kites got around the problem in winter by visiting the feeding stations in the afternoon, when fewer griffon vultures tended to be present, buy propecia without prescription. To ensure that all scavengers get a shot at eating, ordering propecia online legally, Propecia for sale, managers should distribute carcasses along a "chain" of sites at various times of day, the authors say, purchase propecia online. Michigan MI Mich. , – Roberta Kwok
Source: Cortés-Avizanda, A., buy propecia overnight delivery, Idaho ID , Carrete, M., & J.A. Donázar. 2010. Managing supplementary feeding for avian scavengers: Guidelines for optimal design using ecological criteria. Biological Conservation DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.04.016.
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Apr
20
2010
Overzealous Australians may be mistakenly killing native frogs
Buy diazepam online cheap, Australia has declared all-out war on the invasive cane toad, and some environmentally-conscious citizens will go so far as to hit toads on purpose with their cars. För diazepam online, Such well-meaning activities could result in native frogs getting incorrectly identified as toads and killed by “friendly fire,” according to a study in Biological Conservation.
To determine whether the public could tell the difference between cane toads (Bufo marinus) and other amphibians, Indiana IN Ind. , Ohio OH , researchers quizzed 1,328 people in Darwin, Idaho ID , Nebraska NE Nebr. , Australia. The team presented each person with cane toads and various species of native frogs held in glass enclosures, comprare diazepam, Buy diazepam no prescription, along with photographs of eggs and tadpoles.
People thought that native frogs were toads in 17 percent of cases, and vice versa in 25 percent of cases, Virginia VA Va. . Generic diazepam, Not surprisingly, respondents misidentified eggs and tadpoles more frequently than adult animals, diazepam prescription. Ordering diazepam pills, A survey of wildlife agencies and community organizations also revealed that 36 native frog species had been submitted by people who thought the animals were cane toads.
Identification error rates went down to 10 to 15 percent if the person had taken a class about toads or participated in a “toad-busting” group, the team found, order diazepam overnight delivery. And organized toad-eradication missions generally don’t allow members to kill amphibians indiscriminately, buy diazepam online cheap. Cheapest diazepam, But citizens with “personal vendettas against cane toads” are still cause for concern, the authors say, Texas TX Tex. . Cheap diazepam no rx, – Roberta Kwok
Source: Somaweera, R., Somaweera, N., & R. Shine. 2010. Frogs under friendly fire: How accurately can the general public recognize invasive species. Biological Conservation DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.03.027.
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Feb
28
2010
Land conservation not to blame for Silicon Valley housing prices
Halvalla viagra apteekki, Anyone who’s lived in the San Francisco Bay Area can tell you that housing there is expensive. Viagra in gulf, But land preservation isn’t responsible for the lack of affordable homes, researchers say.
Some have complained that protection of open spaces takes away valuable property that might otherwise have been used to build housing, cheap generic viagra. Low cost viagra, The resulting shortage drives up real estate prices and contributes to suburban sprawl, critics argue.
To test this hypothesis, who has done any ordering of generic viagra, Buy viagra in antwerpen, researchers studied conservation and housing patterns in Silicon Valley, located in the southern Bay Area, Pharmacy in Brooklyn that sell viagra. Can I legally buy viagra online without prescription, They estimated that if the region’s 47,000 hectares of protected land were available for housing, homemade viagra, Comprare viagra, developers could build 51,000 more units, brand viagra canada. Dutch viagra, That’s only 6.5% of Silicon Valley’s current housing stock of 790,000 units, buy viagra in orlando, Viagra kopen, they report in Biological Conservation.
The gain is fairly small because many conserved spaces are steep or wet, limiting the number of houses that can be built, viagra advertising online, Facts on original viagra, the team says. For instance, large protected areas near the Bay would have an estimated density of 2.7 units per hectare, halvalla viagra apteekki. These relatively spacious lots probably would have been priced high anyway, the authors argue. “[I]t would still be a very expensive housing market,” they write. – Roberta Kwok
Image © alexsl, iStockPhoto.com
Source: Denning, C.A., Mcdonald, R.I., & J. Christensen. 2010. Did land protection in Silicon Valley reduce the housing stock. Biological Conservation. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.01.025.
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Dec
8
2009
Wolf pack structure recovers after hunting ban
Viagra pills, Wolves in Canada’s Algonquin Provincial Park have reassembled into natural packs after a hunting and trapping ban took effect, even though the animals’ numbers have remained steady. The finding, Futuro del mercado de la viagra, reported in Biological Conservation, suggests that measurements of factors other than population size are needed to shape conservation policy.
Researchers tracked 112 eastern wolves (Canis lycaon) in the park after the government issued a harvest ban in nearby towns. While deaths due to hunting and trapping decreased, viagra mission statement, the population density stayed around three wolves per 100 square kilometers, Wisconsin WI Wis., mainly due to deaths by natural causes. Analysis of blood samples, however, buying viagra pittsburg,ks, showed a dramatic change in wolf pack structure. Colorado CO Colo., Before the ban, 12 out of 15 packs contained unrelated wolves; after the ban, that number dropped to one out of 17 packs.
The newly restored social structure could benefit the population, purchase viagra, the authors say. Studies of other species have shown that tight familial bonds can improve reproduction rates and lower stress, viagra pills. Nombres para viagras en frances, Conservation policies should “look beyond numbers,” the team argues, and consider social patterns as well, viagra in pharmacies in matamoros mexico. – Roberta Kwok
Source: Rutledge, Analysis method of viagra, L., Patterson, B., viagra brand, Mills, Viagra effects on women, K., Loveless, K., resultados negativos viagra, Murray, Viagra tablets for sale, D., & White, B, reliable site for cheap viagra. (2009). Viagra orlando, Protection from harvesting restores the natural social structure of eastern wolf packs Biological Conservation DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.10.017
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Nov
28
2009
Cold War shielded Eastern Europe from some exotic bird invasions
Um viagra online, The deep divide between Western and Eastern Europe during the Cold War, along with other economic and political developments, had a significant effect on exotic bird introductions into each bloc, scientists say.
During the war, Western Europe saw a spike in introductions of exotic birds from other parts of the world such as North America and Africa, the team reports in Biological Conservation. Viagra tabs, The Eastern bloc, on the other hand, are canadian viagras any good, Canadian generic viagra, had exotic bird species arriving mainly from European countries. Seventy species of exotic birds have taken root in Western Europe, has anyone bought viagra on craigslist, Louisiana LA, the researchers estimate, while 12 species have established themselves in Eastern Europe.
The differences can be explained by political and socio-economic trends, denver viagra, Dennett god viagra, the team says. Western Europe traded heavily with North America during the war and absorbed many African immigrants, viagra ireland. Free sample viagra, The Eastern countries, cut off from Western Europe, viagra cost in asia, αγοράζουν online viagra, increased the transport of goods among their own bloc. Therefore, the Cold War may have protected Eastern Europe from exotic bird introductions, the authors write, Um viagra online. They urge European policymakers to make efforts to block invasive species as trade levels increase and more countries come out of isolation, buy soma and viagra. Viagra diseño caja, – Roberta Kwok
Source: Chiron, F., viagra cheapest prices, Viagra og rødvin, Shirley, S., & Kark, S. (2009). Behind the Iron Curtain: Socio-economic and political factors shaped exotic bird introductions into Europe Biological Conservation DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.10.021
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Oct
16
2009
Kjøp Discount viagra, Higher population targets are needed to conserve species, scientists say
Conservationists are setting population targets too low to give species a decent shot at long-term survival, researchers argue in Biological Conservation.
The team notes that small populations can fall prey to multiple threats, including inbreeding, lower genetic diversity, catastrophes, and birth and death rate fluctuations. To have a reasonable chance of weathering these problems, cheapest pharmacy for viagra, What are the different types of viagra, species must have a minimum population size of at least 5,000 adults, buy viagra in canada, Can you order viagra without a precition, the authors concluded after reviewing the scientific literature.
Conservation organizations often set their targets much lower because they must contend with practical limits. In that sense, viagra bahrain, Can you ship viagra canada to usa, they are in a bind similar to the one faced by climate scientists who must compromise on emissions reduction goals, the researchers write, viagra prescriptions new zealand. Cuanto se paga en paraguay el viagra, Still, they say, buy viagra en buenos aires, Washington WA Wash., conservation biologists are obligated to provide a “scientific reality check” and make the consequences of lower targets clear to policymakers. – Roberta Kwok
Source: Traill, cheapest viagra prices, Montana MT Mont., L., Brook, newsletter viagra, Viagra pedido en línea, B., Frankham, pfizer viagra availability in india, R., & Bradshaw, C. (2009). Pragmatic population viability targets in a rapidly changing world Biological Conservation DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.09.001
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Aug
14
2009
Microbial booster could protect bananas from deadly fungus
Viagra prices, A fungal wilt disease is threatening banana plantations around the world, and managers have tried everything from fungicides to genetic modification to stop it. Buying viagra la spazia, Now, researchers report in Biological Control that restoring the banana’s natural microbes might do the trick.
Plants host communities of bacteria and fungi called endophytes, viagra in camp pendleton, Viagra site in online, which are thought to provide some resistance to pathogens. But bananas may lose their endophytes as they go through the industrial process of culturing and sterilization, viagra alternative, Me pase de viagra, rendering them more vulnerable to disease, the authors suggest.
The team inoculated cultured banana plantlets with endophyte extracts from healthy bananas, cheapest viagra world wide, Goedkope viagra apotheek, then infected the plantlets with the wilt pathogen. Endophyte treatments reduced early signs of infection by 54 percent, viagra for sale in bradford, Cheapest prices on viagra, they found, and suppressed wilt disease by 67 percent at the five-month mark, viagra generic overn. Herbal viagra gnc, Inoculated plants also grew faster than non-inoculated plants, even when the inoculated plants were infected and the control plants were not.
Endophyte treatments could be less harmful than fungicides and cheaper than genetic modification, gonna buy viagra, Canadian pharmacies that sell viagra, the authors suggest. Restoring these microbial defenses might offer an alternative strategy for controlling “a formidable pathogen of banana plant,” they write, viagra prices. – Roberta Kwok
Source: Lian, viagra muzik trans, Ordering viagra on line, J. et al. 2009. Artificial inoculation of banana tissue culture plantlets with indigenous endophytes originally derived from native banana plants. Biological Control DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.08.002
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Jul
29
2008
Raccoons Procyon lotor love loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta eggs, as do ghost crabs Ocypode quadrata. The trouble with the often-used conservation measure of controlling raccoons at turtle nesting beaches is it lets the ghost crabs off the hook: raccoons are also partial to the odd crustacean for dinner. A study published recently in Biological Conservation suggests that leaving at least some raccoons might actually benefit the beleaguered turtles, because they suppress predation levels by crabs. Yale researcher Brandon Barton's field study found the highest ghost crab numbers – and highest overall turtle nest predation – occurred where there were the fewest raccoons. Go on, go cuddle a raccoon today. Source: Barton BT & Roth JD (2008) Implications of intraguild predation for sea turtle nest protection. Biol. Cons. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.06.013
Image: © Hans-Walter Untch
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Jun
24
2008
You wouldn't think a frog could kill a crocodile, but that's exactly what's happening in Australia's Northern Territory. The invasion by cane toads Bufo marinus – a highly toxic South American species – has given scientists a unique set of lessons on the destructive power evolution can unleash upon a non-adapted ecosystem. In the latest installment, Mike Letnic and colleagues at the University of Sydney report a mass die-off of freshwater crocodiles Crocodylus johnstoni at the invasion front. Ironically, the arid conditions that make a cane toad's life difficult leads them to seek refuge in the few available water bodies, which also tend to be home to the hungry crocs. The decimation – populations were reduced by as much as 73 percent – could have widespread ecological consequences, writes Letnic in Biological Conservation. However, selection weaves its magic in many ways, and crocs will probably either learn not to eat cane toads or develop tolerance to their poison. Either way, the problem should be over in a snap! Source: Letnic M, Webb JK & Shine R (2008) Invasive cane toads (Bufo marinus) cause mass mortality of freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus johnstoni) in tropical Australia. Biol. Conserv. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.04.031
Image: © Stanko Mravljak
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Jun
4
2008
Mmmm, red snapper. But hang on, is that really what you're eating? A group of Stanford University scientists, led by Cheryl Logan, have used DNA forensics to uncover fishy goings on in the seafood marketplace. Taking 77 “Pacific red snapper” whole fish or fillets from a range of sources in California and Washington, including grocers, fish markets and sushi restaurants, they found a total of eleven species, only one of which was true red snapper Lutjanus campechanus. Between 60% and 63% of the samples were from fish not on the FDA Seafood list. Writing in Biological Conservation, Logan's team say that although around 80% of all fish landed are identified to species level, that picture changes somewhat by the time they reach our plates. This “institutionalized mislabeling” is preventing customers from making informed, conservation-minded choices about what fish to eat and what to avoid. Source: Logan CA, Alter SE, Haupt AJ, Tomalty K & Palumbi SR (2008) An impediment to consumer choice: overfished species are sold as Pacific red snapper. Biol. Conserv. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.04.007
Image: © Jill Chen
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