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Tools and technology

Jun

4

2010

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Radio tags don't affect humpback whale survival

Humpback whale Order viagra online cheap, The invasive radio tags that researchers sometimes use to track whales don't appear to do any long-term damage to the animals, scientists have concluded. Buy viagra c.o.d., Radio tags are typically implanted in the whale's blubber or muscle and emit signals that allow researchers to follow the animal's movements. This type of information is crucial for conservation, cheap viagra online without prescription, Viagra pedido en línea, the authors say in Marine Mammal Science, but it hasn't been clear whether the tags end up harming the whales, Hawaii HI . Buy viagra no prescription, In the 1970s, researchers tagged seven humpback whales in Alaska, Arizona AZ Ariz. . Viagra no prescription, All of those whales continued to be sighted for 20 to 34 years after tagging, according to the study, pharmacy viagra. Photographs of two whales suggested that the wounds were not infected, and one female whale has given birth to multiple calves over the years, order viagra online cheap. Price of viagra, Today's tags are even smaller and lighter, the authors say. – Roberta Kwok

Source: Mizroch, Osta viagra online, Buy viagra online cheap, S.A. et al, Arkansas AR Ark. . New York NY N.Y. , 2010. Long-term survival of humpback whales radio-tagged in Alaska from 1976 through 1978. Marine Mammal Science DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2010.00391.x.

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May

14

2010

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Scientists devise new way to recycle cigarette butts

Cigarette butt in grass Sildenafil citrate free samples, When you think of recycling, cigarette butts probably aren’t the first things that come to mind. Tadalafil store in canada, But researchers say that they’ve discovered a way to reuse these common bits of trash: preventing the corrosion of steel.

People are “carpeting the planet in cigarette butts,” and the chemicals can be harmful to fish, how to get sildenafil citrate no prescription, Viagra tablets, the team writes in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. The number of cigarette butts tossed into the environment per year could be around 4.5 trillion, online viagra next day delivery, Generic viagra usa, the authors say.

To cut down on the detritus, the researchers propose recycling cigarette butts for a new purpose, sildenafil citrate how much. Tadalafil, They found that by adding water to the butts and “aging” the mixture for a day, they could produce a solution that reduced corrosion of a type of steel called N80, dangers of tadalafil. Generic cialis usa, When tested in various hydrochloric acid solutions, the cigarette-butt extracts showed corrosion inhibition efficiencies of 88 to 95 percent, buy levitra online sildenafil citrate, Viagra description, the team says.

The researchers didn't have to go far to find their materials, apparently, how can i make homemade sildenafil citrate. According to the paper, all of the cigarette butts for the study “came from the road or the garbage.” – Roberta Kwok

Source: Zhao, J, sildenafil citrate free samples. Sildenafil citrate doses, et al. 2010, cialis for sale. Uk alternative sildenafil citrate, Cigarette butts and their application in corrosion inhibition for N80 steel at 90 °C in a hydrochloric acid solution. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 49(8), order viagra from the trusted pharmacy, Buy cialis online sildenafil citrate, 3986-3991. DOI: 10.1021/ie100168s.

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Apr

27

2010

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Solar panel design may affect insect reproduction

Buy cheap propecia online, The reflection of light off solar panels can fool insects into thinking that these surfaces are water bodies suitable for egg-laying, researchers say. Cheapest propecia prices, Certain panel designs, however, Rhode Island RI R.I. , Pharmacy propecia, could help mitigate the problem.

Many aquatic insects are drawn to polarized light, which is generated when sunlight bounces off lakes or ponds, order propecia without prescription. Order propecia cod, But man-made structures such as glass buildings can also reflect polarized light, encouraging insects to deposit eggs on their surfaces and threatening the insects’ reproduction.

A team decided to investigate whether solar panels might have a similar effect, Pennsylvania PA Penn. . Online propecia, Measurements showed that at a certain angle, the panels “polarized reflected light almost completely, buy propecia from canada, Cheap propecia pills, ” the researchers write in Conservation Biology. These surfaces might be even more attractive to aquatic insects than water bodies, New Mexico NM N.Mex. , Cheap propecia, the authors say.

But the design of the panel could make a difference. In a series of experiments, the researchers found that aquatic insects were less attracted to surfaces with a white frame or grid, buy cheap propecia online. For example, cheap propecia no rx, South Carolina SC S.C. , a black solar panel with a white grid captured 6.6 times fewer mayflies per square meter of black surface than a non-gridded panel. So white partitions could be an effective way to make the bugs steer clear, halvalla propecia apteekki. Kjøp Discount propecia, – Roberta Kwok

Source: Horváth, G, Utah UT . Mississippi MS Miss. , et al. 2010, buy propecia. Cheap propecia, Reducing the maladaptive attractiveness of solar panels to polarotactic insects. Conservation Biology DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01518.x.

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Apr

25

2010

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Scientists identify multiple species of killer whale

Three dice Buy propecia without prescription, Rather than being a single species, killer whales may actually comprise at least three different species, researchers say.

The killer whale is currently classified as one species, Orcinus orca. Oklahoma OK Okla. , But there are several “ecotypes” that differ in their diet, appearance, Tennessee TN Tenn. , Comprare propecia, and behavior. To find out whether some of these ecotypes were in fact distinct species, kopen goedkope propecia, Michigan MI Mich. , a team analyzed the DNA of 139 killer whale samples from around the world.

Specifically, the researchers examined a type of genetic material called mitochondrial DNA, acheter propecia bon marché, Cheap propecia online, which is often used to make species classifications. Because of technological advances, ordering propecia, Cheapest propecia, the team was able to perform more comprehensive sequencing of mitochondrial DNA than had been possible in the past.

Two types of killer whales from the Southern Ocean are likely their own species, along with a third type from the North Pacific, Alabama AL Ala. , Købe propecia, the researchers report in Genome Research. Figuring out the correct taxonomy of these top predators is important, ordering propecia overnight delivery, Kansas KS Kans. , they say, because the designations will affect conservation strategies, cheap propecia no prescription. – Roberta Kwok

Source: Morin, P.A, buy propecia without prescription. Propecia online stores, et al. 2010, order propecia. Købe propecia online, Complete mitochondrial genome phylogeographic analysis of killer whales (Orcinus orca) indicates multiple species. Genome Research DOI: 10.1101/gr.102954.109.

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Apr

6

2010

Buy Diazepam

Connecting eastern US wind stations could reduce gaps in power

Offshore wind turbines Buy diazepam, One of the biggest problems with wind power is that it’s not constant. Buy diazepam no prescription, But a system of linked wind generators off the East Coast of the U.S. might overcome this difficulty, Oregon OR Ore. , Cheap diazepam, scientists say.

The team has proposed connecting a series of wind generators over the Atlantic Ocean with a power line to create a 2,500-kilometer-long grid, buy diazepam, Order diazepam online without prescription, oriented in roughly the same direction that cyclones tend to travel. The wind at each station would fluctuate, Florida FL Fla. , Nebraska NE Nebr. , making its power output unreliable. But stations at other locations on the grid, cheap generic diazepam, Vermont VT Vt. , where wind conditions are different, could step in to fill the gap.

Using meteorological data, Maine ME Me. , Cheap diazepam online, the researchers simulated how the grid would have performed from 1998-2002. The power output “shifted up and down but never stopped,” they write in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, buy diazepam. Developers should base their site choices on weather patterns over a large area, köpa diazepam online, Ordering diazepam overnight delivery, the authors say, instead of just focusing on one particularly blustery spot. – Roberta Kwok

Source: Kempton, buy diazepam online legally, Diazepam pharmacy, W. et al, cheap diazepam online. Kjøpe diazepam, Electric power from offshore wind via synoptic-scale interconnection. 2010, cheapest diazepam online. Cheap diazepam from canada, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0909075107.

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Apr

1

2010

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Computer system tracks penguins by their chest markings

African penguins at Robben Island Order diazepam, A new computer system could help scientists monitor the status of threatened penguins by automatically identifying patterns on the birds’ chests, according to a study in Endangered Species Research.

In the past, scientists have tracked penguins by outfitting the birds with metal flipper bands. Cheap diazepam overnight delivery, But these bands can affect the penguins’ swimming and foraging, and birds are sometimes harmed when the bands start to open.

To develop a less intrusive method, diazepam prices, Kentucky KY Ky. , a team took advantage of a particular feature of African penguins (Spheniscus demersus): the unique sets of black spots scattered on the animals’ chests. Because the patterns don’t change over time, Acheter en ligne diazepam, Ordering diazepam no prescription, a computer program can use them as “fingerprints” to identify individual animals in an image.

The researchers tested the system by setting up a camera along two “penguin highways” on Robben Island, South Africa, Kjøp Discount diazepam, Minnesota MN Minn. , where African penguins frequently travel. Images of passing penguins were passed to a software program that attempted to match each bird to a pattern in a database, buy diazepam cheap. Pennsylvania PA Penn. , Less than one match out of every 10,000 was incorrect, diazepam no prescription, Cheap diazepam no prescription, the team reports.

For each penguin that passed the camera, the system had a 13 percent chance of detecting a pattern that could be added to the database, Idaho ID . This automated program could allow researchers to monitor more of the population than the time-consuming method of flipper banding, the authors say, order diazepam. Buy cheap diazepam, – Roberta Kwok

Source: Sherley, R.B, diazepam farmacia a buon mercato. Billige diazepam apotek, et al. 2010, Utah UT . För diazepam online, Spotting the difference: towards fully-automated population monitoring of African penguins Spheniscus demersus. Endangered Species Research 11, 101-111, For diazepam online. North Carolina NC N.C. , DOI: 10.3354/esr00267.

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Jan

13

2010

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Public cameras capture valuable data on plant growth

Camera Images taken by public cameras connected to the Internet could offer a rich source of data to researchers studying the effects of climate change on plant growing seasons.

That’s the conclusion of a study accepted for publication in Global Change Biology Buy viagra free samples no prescription, , which investigated the possible use of cameras originally set up for purposes such as monitoring air quality or traffic. In the past, scientists have typically tracked the timing of the seasons with laborious ground surveys, which can only cover a small area, or low-resolution satellite observations.

The researchers pinpointed the locations of 1,141 public cameras in North America and captured two images per day from 2008-09. They then compared photos from 30 cameras to satellite images of the same areas, buy viagra free samples overnight delivery. Ordering viagra free samples online without prescription, The camera data had fewer low-quality days than satellite data – which can be obscured by clouds – and sometimes led to more accurate estimates of spring’s arrival, the team reports.

The photos also allowed researchers to distinguish different types of vegetation, goedkope viagra free samples apotheek, South Carolina SC S.C. , which are hard to tell apart on satellite images. Internet-connected cameras could provide “a relatively untapped and freely available resource for supporting large-scale ecological and environmental monitoring, cheapest viagra free samples, Buy generic viagra free samples, ” the team writes. – Roberta Kwok

Source: Graham, Oregon OR Ore. , Buy viagra free samples without prescription, E., Riordan, cheap generic viagra free samples, Ordering viagra free samples online legally, E., Yuen, order viagra free samples overnight delivery, New Mexico NM N.Mex. , E., Estrin, viagra free samples farmacia a buon mercato, Kansas KS Kans. , D., & Rundel, Tennessee TN Tenn. , Georgia GA Ga. , P. (2010), buy generic viagra free samples. Acheter viagra free samples, Public Internet-connected cameras used as a cross-continental ground-based plant phenology monitoring system Global Change Biology Accepted Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02164.x

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Nov

30

2009

Viagra

Biologists use auditory cues to gauge bird population size

Listening Viagra, By recording and analyzing the chatter of birds in a forest, a research team has devised a new way to calculate avian population density – and the method could be extended to other vocal animals such as whales.

The researchers used a four-microphone array to record the sound of male ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) at 75 different spots in a Maryland forest. Team members then picked out the singing of individual birds from each recording, Iowa IA . Generic viagra, With further modelling and analysis, they determined that the density of singing male ovenbirds was about 0.19 birds per hectare.

The estimate roughly agrees with the population density range predicted by capturing and banding the birds, order viagra no rx, Ordering viagra without prescription, the authors report in the Journal of Applied Ecology. The acoustic method has some advantages over trapping, ordering viagra online legally, παραγγείλετε online viagra, they say, because it is more precise, cheap viagra tablets, Billiga viagra apotek, takes less fieldwork, and doesn’t disturb the birds as much, price of viagra. Buy viagra, And the technique could be used to monitor other elusive – but talkative – species. – Roberta Kwok

Source: Dawson, Indiana IN Ind. , Order viagra no prescription, D., & Efford, Florida FL Fla. , Ohio OH , M. (2009), For viagra online. Købe viagra online, Bird population density estimated from acoustic signals Journal of Applied Ecology DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01731.x

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Nov

10

2009

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Ancient Chinese road construction method preserves cliff ecosystems

Wooden planks A technique used to build cliff paths during China’s Qin Dynasty could protect Buy viagra online legally, fragile ecosystems against the damage usually caused by mountain road development, scientists report in Landscape and Urban Planning.

Cliffs can house unique communities of trees, lichens, birds, and small animals. Oregon OR Ore. , But human encroachment onto mountainous regions is “eliminating species from these sites even as scientists discover them,” the team writes.

To preserve these natural habitats, generic viagra, Kjøpe viagra, China has turned to an ancient road construction method called cantilevering that was practiced around 200-300 BC. During that time, lowest price viagra, Cheap viagra no prescription, engineers built hundreds of kilometers of cliff paths by inserting wooden beams into holes in the mountainside, covering the beams with planks, cheap viagra without prescription, Buy viagra online legally, and propping up the road from below with additional supports if necessary.

The same technique, updated with modern materials, ostaa halvalla viagra, Buy viagra online cheap, was recently used to rebuild a mountain road in China’s Hubei Province. Researchers monitored eight cliff sites during three years of construction and found that, αγοράσετε viagra έκπτωση, Købe viagra, on average, only 11.1 square meters of vegetation was damaged at each location, pharmacie viagra bon marché. Vermont VT Vt. , In contrast, the conventional construction method of creating a tunnel and filling in the slope below the road would have caused an average of 362 square meters of damage per site, cheap generic viagra, Comprare viagra sconto, they estimate.

The ancient technique also required moving 97.8 percent less sand and soil than the conventional method, lowering the likelihood of erosion and the impact on nearby rivers and streams, viagra online. A cantilevered road with underlying supports was 17.4 percent cheaper than a conventional road, and a cantilevered road without supports was 85.6 percent cheaper, the authors write, buy viagra online legally. Nevada NV Nev. , If adopted, they say, buy viagra without prescription, Viagra cheap, the technique could not only protect biodiversity but preserve the stunning mountain views valued by tourists. – Roberta Kwok

Source: Cao, Illinois IL Ill. , Louisiana LA , S., Ye, New York NY N.Y. , Arizona AZ Ariz. , H., & Zhan, buy viagra cod, Virginia VA Va. , Y. (2009). Cliff roads: An ecological conservation technique for road construction in mountainous regions of China Landscape and Urban Planning DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.10.007

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Nov

4

2009

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Where to buy cheap viagra, ‘Genomic ark’ of 10,000 species could enable smarter conservation

Animal puppets An international scientific team has put forth a bold proposal to sequence the genomes of 10,000 vertebrate species. Maine ME Me. , The information gathered by the ‘Genome 10K’ project will aid conservation efforts ranging from monitoring endangered species to managing fish stocks, the group says in the Journal of Heredity.

Genome sequencing costs have plunged in the last decade, köpa billiga viagra, Massachusetts MA Mass. , making large-scale sequencing efforts more and more feasible. So far, order viagra online, Koop korting viagra, the Genome 10K group has identified samples of more than 16,000 species held at universities, Washington WA Wash. , Kjøp Discount viagra, museums, zoos, ordering viagra online without prescription, Comprar en línea viagra, and research institutes around the world that could be used for the project. The proposed collection covers 34% of all known living mammal species, where to buy viagra, Buy viagra, 52% of birds, 27% of amphibians, acheter viagra discount, Mississippi MS Miss. , 37% of reptiles, and 13% of fishes, För viagra online, Buy viagra online, totalling roughly a quarter of all documented living vertebrates.

The flood of genetic data could be highly valuable for conservation, the researchers say, cheap viagra pills. Cheapest viagra in the world, For example, the information could help determine how genetic diversity is distributed throughout the range of declining species such as elephants, buy cheap viagra. Conservationists could then decide which areas to protect in order to maintain the greatest level of diversity, says Oliver Ryder of the San Diego Zoo’s Institute for Conservation Research, who is one of the project's three coordinators.

Genome data could also help scientists figure out which genes are behind diseases threatening small populations of animals, where to buy cheap viagra. West Virginia WV W.Va. , That in turn could allow managers to identify individuals that carry those genes and arrange matings that reduce the risk of offspring getting the disease, says Ryder, Wyoming WY Wyo. . Buy viagra no rx, He says the project could also reveal the genetic basis for recent evolution in animals such as tigers, which have adapted to live everywhere from near-Arctic regions to jungles.

The team is still seeking funding for the project but hopes to begin large-scale sequencing in about two years, order viagra cod, Nebraska NE Nebr. , says David Haussler of the University of California, Santa Cruz, Oklahoma OK Okla. , Viagra online cheap, also a project coordinator. If successful, the Genome 10K project will produce “a genomic ark for thriving and threatened species alike,” the team writes, “and a permanent digital record of countless molecular triumphs and stumbles across some 600 million years of evolutionary episodes that forged the ‘endless forms most beautiful’ that make up our living world.” – Roberta Kwok

Source: G10KCOS-Genome 10K Community of Scientists (2009). Genome 10K: A proposal to obtain whole-genome sequence for 10,000 vertebrate species. Journal of Heredity DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esp086

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